![]() ![]() Finally, 20 is the length of the bolt in mm, measured from the tip of the thread to the bottom of the head (with the exception of oval headed bolts). The second number (0.7) is the pitch which corresponds to the distance between two adjacent threads in millimeters. The “M” indicates the “metric diameter” of its thread (see tap drill chart below), which in our case is 4 mm. Bolts are classified by specification codes such as:. Having determined the bolt that we want to use in the specific case, we already have a technical specification for the thread which will host it. Thread Geometry And Drilling The HoleĪs is evident from the above, to create the thread we first need to drill a hole on the workpiece. If the taper needs to go first, the intermediate tap follows second and the thread is finished with the bottoming tap. This minimises the risk of damaging the drilled hole. The taper tap features a smooth diameter transition that allows for a less aggressive cutting action. The taper tap is only used in certain situations such as when the material is very hard or the hole is too small. However, the bottoming tap cannot start the threading on an uncut hole, so it can only take part in the cutting process as the second or third tap. ![]() So next comes the bottoming tap that has the capacity to do this. Unfortunately, due to the shape it can’t create a thread all the way to the end of the hole. That is why it features a tapered bit, allowing the machinist to align it correctly. The intermediate, or plug tap, is used first to start cutting out material from a non-threaded hole. To create a thread properly, one would need a set of three taps that correspond to the same bit size namely the bottoming, the intermediate, and the taper tap. Therefore the tap drill chart is extremely important. NOTE: If tapping idfficult to machine materials or using small taps, use a lower thread percentage such as 60% to 70%.As you would expect, taps come in all forms and sizes in order to accommodate standardised screw threads. The UN specification specifies that the common height of a thread should be 5/8 th of this maximum height.ħ5% to 80% thread roughly equals 5/8 th of this maximum height. Thread percentage: (77% thread is what you want to use) A 100% thread is 3/4 qtr, or (6/8 th), of the full 60° triangle which is the maximum allowed height of a full thread, the "V" shape, including flats. NOTE: The tap drill size of a hole that will be cold form tapped is usually bigger than it cutting tap counterpart. These taps have no "flutes" and are usually oval shaped or not quite round. Form tap: (Cold forming tap) A tool that makes the helical portion of a threaded hole by forming, or deforming, the material as it moves along a predrilled hole. They should be used in that order when tapping holes that do not break through. Cutting taps usually have sharp "flutes", somewhat like the spirals of a drill, where the chips can accumulate and be ejected out of the hole NOTE: Cutting taps come in sets of 3 A starter tap, a midway tap, and the bottoming tap. ![]() Cutting Tap: A tool that makes the helical portion of a threaded hole by cutting material as it moves along a predrilled hole. NOTE: Most basic sizes have a coarse and a fine series of thread. Pitch: (Distance between each thread, or "V"s.) The distance the a screw or nut will advance every 360° turn. NOTE: If the length of the threaded portion of a screw or threaded hole is shorter or longer than one inch, the size of the "V" shape is still defined by the number of thread that would fit along a one inch length. TPI: (Threads per inch) The number of thread, or "V"s along a one inch length which in turns, defines the size of the "V" shape of the helical portion of a thread. NOTE: The size of the hexagon of a bolt or nut has no relevance when defining a thread size. The biggest external diameter of a Screw or the biggest internal diameter of a threaded hole. Outside diameter: This is the biggest diameter of the helical portion of a thread. NOTE: The American Metric UN thread standard is compatible with the international ISO Making a thread that follow these specifications will ensure that it will work with threaded holes or shafts made by other manufacturers that follow theseĬommon specs. Metric UN: (American Metric Unified National thread form) A standard that describes the shape of an internal or external thread using Imperial UN: (Imperial Unified National thread form) A standard that describes the shape of an internal or external thread using imperial inch dimensions. Glossary TDS: (Tap drill size) The size of the hole that must be drilled before a tapping operation. ![]()
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